Pine nuts are the edible seeds of certain pine tree species. They’re small, soft, ivory-colored kernels with a rich, buttery flavor and a slightly sweet, resinous aroma. Here’s a concise overview:

What they are

• The seeds of pine cones, harvested from species like Pinus pinea (Mediterranean), Pinus koraiensis (Korean), and Pinus sibirica (Siberian).

• Each seed is encased in a hard shell and must be extracted manually or mechanically, which contributes to their high price.

Flavor & texture

• Flavor: Buttery, slightly sweet, and nutty with subtle piney notes.

• Texture: Tender and creamy when raw; crunchy with a deeper flavor when toasted.

Culinary uses

• A key ingredient in pesto, providing richness.

• Used in salads, pilafs, baked goods, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern dishes.

• Excellent for toasting to enhance aroma and flavor.

Nutrition

• High in healthy unsaturated fats, plant protein, magnesium, and vitamin E.

• Calorie-dense due to fat content.

• Contains pinolenic acid, sometimes linked to appetite-regulating effects.